Chapter 1 Nature and Significance of Management | class 12 | Business Studies
Chapter No. 1 of Business studies is Based on the basic nature of management. In this chapter, We will cover the basic definition of management along with the concept of management, the process of management, and two important related concepts effectiveness and efficiency. Another topic that is very important from the exams point of view is the Objectives of Management, these objectives are also of three types: Organisational objectives, social objectives, and personnel objectives. this chapter also explains the levels of Management with its three types that are Top Level, Middle Level, and Lower level. along with levels we also need to study the functions of levels of management.
One more important topic from this chapter is Coordination. the Essence of coordination, Nature of coordination, and importance of Coordinationthe first chapter of Business studies tells us about the Nature of Management with compersion with Art, science, and Profession, so we study management as Ast, Management as Science, and Management as a profession. Functions of Management that are Base of Complete Management are also Discussed and introduced in the chapter. these functions are also called Processes of Management as well. these functions are Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, and Controlling.
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Chapter 2 Principles of Management | class 12 Business Studies
2nd Chapter on Management is the Base of all Management studies these are called principles of Management. These Principles are Used in all management Studies for further Development of Management studies
These principles are Given by Henri Fayol, Known as the Father of General Management studies, and F.w. Taylor Known as the Father of Scientific Management. Fayol’s Principles are Based on General Approach. these principles are applicable to every organization. but, Taylor’s Scientific Techniques are designed for a specific organization. Mainly those organizations where Production work is going on.
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Chapter 3 Business Environment | class 12 Business Studies
Business Environment Means Everything around the business that May directly or indirectly impact our business. anything around a business that Impacts our business comes under the category of the business environment. there are a lot of factors or elements that impact our business Mainly we called them PESTLE- Political Environment, Social Environment, Economical Environment, Technological Environment, Legal Environment, & Political Environment.
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Chapter 4 Planning | class 12 Business Studies
Management Functions always start with Planning. Planning is the first and foremost important function of management. in the Process of planning management set its smart goals, Develop Premises to forecast future changes in the Business Environment, and then lists out the Alternatives available for achieving the organizational Goals. after listing the alternative options management Analysis and Evaluated the alternatives and chooses the best option for the achievement of organizational goals, then It communicated with the employees for implementation and managers continuously monitor the plans
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Chapter 5 Organising | class 12 Business Studies
After the Preparation of the plans, the next step of the management is to Organise the activities of the organization before the actual work starts. when the actual work of achieving the target starts in the management it required lots of arrangement and resources for systematic working conditions. so for this management has to arrange lots of Physical resources, Human resources, and Financial Resources. also organization is required to decide the Structure of the organization. Mainly there are two types of structure first is functional and the second is divisional Structure. also we have to Delicate the work, responsibility, and Authority in the organization so there is a balance between authority and responsibility. Formal and Informal Organisation is also Discussed in the organizational Process.
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Chapter 6 Staffing | class 12 Business Studies
In the Process of Management after the Completion of the Organisation and arrangement of the resources, the Next and most important step is finding the best and most suitable Employees for the Organisation. One organization needs many employees as per the need and nature of the work. and it is the responsibility of the management to Estimate the Number of Employees required then Recruit the employees and After Recruitment selects the best Suitable Employees for the organization. and provide training to these employees. there and mainly two types of Employee training: On the Job training and Off the Job training. Our training is provided at the time of work, on the actual work line, and at the time of performing the actual work, this type of training is class On job training. But when Work is Explained in Dummy or Duplicate environment and Training is Provided Separately from the actual form is called Off Job Training.
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Chapter 7 Directing | class 12 Business Studies
Instructing, Guiding, Inspiring, and Motivating the Employees so that employees can work Upto the Best of their capacity for the achievement of organizational goals. this process is called Directing. actually we already Provided the training to the employees in the last stage. But still, we need to guide and Inspire the workers so that they can work more efficiently and effectively. In the process of Directing, there are mainly Four Elements required.
Supervision, Motivation, Leadership, & communication. All these topics are discussed in this chapter of the directing.
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Chapter 8 Controlling | class 12 Business Studies
Controlling is a Function that Helps the Management to Measure the actual Performance with planned Performance. when We compare the actual Target with the planned target we find some deviation between both them. Management has to analyze both actual and Planned performance so actions can be taken to Reduce the Gap between actual Performance with the Planned performance.
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